{"componentChunkName":"component---src-templates-docs-js","path":"/docs/handling-events.html","result":{"data":{"markdownRemark":{"html":"<p>Handling events with React elements is very similar to handling events on DOM elements. There are some syntax differences:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>React events are named using camelCase, rather than lowercase.</li>\n<li>With JSX you pass a function as the event handler, rather than a string.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>For example, the HTML:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"html\"><pre class=\"gatsby-code-html\"><code class=\"gatsby-code-html\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class=\"token attr-name\">onclick</span><span class=\"token attr-value\"><span class=\"token punctuation attr-equals\">=</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">\"</span>activateLasers()<span class=\"token punctuation\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span>\n  Activate Lasers\n<span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span></code></pre></div>\n<p>is slightly different in React:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight has-highlighted-lines\" data-language=\"jsx\"><pre class=\"gatsby-code-jsx\"><code class=\"gatsby-code-jsx\"><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class=\"token attr-name\">onClick</span><span class=\"token script language-javascript\"><span class=\"token script-punctuation punctuation\">=</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>activateLasers<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span><span class=\"token plain-text\"></span></span><span class=\"token plain-text\">  Activate Lasers</span>\n<span class=\"token plain-text\"></span><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Another difference is that you cannot return <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">false</code> to prevent default behavior in React. You must call <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">preventDefault</code> explicitly. For example, with plain HTML, to prevent the default link behavior of opening a new page, you can write:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"html\"><pre class=\"gatsby-code-html\"><code class=\"gatsby-code-html\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;</span>a</span> <span class=\"token attr-name\">href</span><span class=\"token attr-value\"><span class=\"token punctuation attr-equals\">=</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">\"</span>#<span class=\"token punctuation\">\"</span></span> <span class=\"token attr-name\">onclick</span><span class=\"token attr-value\"><span class=\"token punctuation attr-equals\">=</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">\"</span>console.log(<span class=\"token punctuation\">'</span>The link was clicked.<span class=\"token punctuation\">'</span>); return false<span class=\"token punctuation\">\"</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span>\n  Click me\n<span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;/</span>a</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span></code></pre></div>\n<p>In React, this could instead be:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight has-highlighted-lines\" data-language=\"jsx\"><pre class=\"gatsby-code-jsx\"><code class=\"gatsby-code-jsx\"><span class=\"token keyword\">function</span> <span class=\"token function\">ActionLink</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n<span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">  <span class=\"token keyword\">function</span> <span class=\"token function\">handleClick</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token parameter\">e</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span></span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">    e<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token function\">preventDefault</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span></span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">    console<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token function\">log</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'The link was clicked.'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span></span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span>\n  <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>\n<span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">    <span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;</span>a</span> <span class=\"token attr-name\">href</span><span class=\"token attr-value\"><span class=\"token punctuation attr-equals\">=</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">\"</span>#<span class=\"token punctuation\">\"</span></span> <span class=\"token attr-name\">onClick</span><span class=\"token script language-javascript\"><span class=\"token script-punctuation punctuation\">=</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>handleClick<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span><span class=\"token plain-text\"></span></span><span class=\"token plain-text\">      Click me</span>\n<span class=\"token plain-text\">    </span><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;/</span>a</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>Here, <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">e</code> is a synthetic event. React defines these synthetic events according to the <a href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">W3C spec</a>, so you don’t need to worry about cross-browser compatibility. React events do not work exactly the same as native events. See the <a href=\"/docs/events.html\"><code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">SyntheticEvent</code></a> reference guide to learn more.</p>\n<p>When using React, you generally don’t need to call <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">addEventListener</code> to add listeners to a DOM element after it is created. Instead, just provide a listener when the element is initially rendered.</p>\n<p>When you define a component using an <a href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">ES6 class</a>, a common pattern is for an event handler to be a method on the class. For example, this <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">Toggle</code> component renders a button that lets the user toggle between “ON” and “OFF” states:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight has-highlighted-lines\" data-language=\"jsx\"><pre class=\"gatsby-code-jsx\"><code class=\"gatsby-code-jsx\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">Toggle</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">extends</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">React<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Component</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n  <span class=\"token function\">constructor</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token parameter\">props</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">super</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>props<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>state <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>isToggleOn<span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token boolean\">true</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span>\n\n<span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">    <span class=\"token comment\">// This binding is necessary to make `this` work in the callback</span></span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>handleClick <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token function\">handleClick</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token function\">bind</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span></span>  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n<span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">  <span class=\"token function\">handleClick</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span></span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token function\">setState</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token parameter\">state</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=></span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span></span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">      isToggleOn<span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token operator\">!</span>state<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isToggleOn</span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span></span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span>\n  <span class=\"token function\">render</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>\n<span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">      <span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class=\"token attr-name\">onClick</span><span class=\"token script language-javascript\"><span class=\"token script-punctuation punctuation\">=</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>handleClick<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span><span class=\"token plain-text\"></span></span><span class=\"token plain-text\">        </span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>state<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>isToggleOn <span class=\"token operator\">?</span> <span class=\"token string\">'ON'</span> <span class=\"token operator\">:</span> <span class=\"token string\">'OFF'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span><span class=\"token plain-text\"></span>\n<span class=\"token plain-text\">      </span><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\nReactDOM<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token function\">render</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>\n  <span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;</span><span class=\"token class-name\">Toggle</span></span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">/></span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span>\n  document<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token function\">getElementById</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'root'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span></code></pre></div>\n<p><a href=\"https://codepen.io/gaearon/pen/xEmzGg?editors=0010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Try it on CodePen</strong></a></p>\n<p>You have to be careful about the meaning of <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">this</code> in JSX callbacks. In JavaScript, class methods are not <a href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_objects/Function/bind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">bound</a> by default. If you forget to bind <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">this.handleClick</code> and pass it to <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">onClick</code>, <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">this</code> will be <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">undefined</code> when the function is actually called.</p>\n<p>This is not React-specific behavior; it is a part of <a href=\"https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/01/understanding-javascript-function-prototype-bind/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">how functions work in JavaScript</a>. Generally, if you refer to a method without <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">()</code> after it, such as <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">onClick={this.handleClick}</code>, you should bind that method.</p>\n<p>If calling <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">bind</code> annoys you, there are two ways you can get around this. If you are using the experimental <a href=\"https://babeljs.io/docs/plugins/transform-class-properties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">public class fields syntax</a>, you can use class fields to correctly bind callbacks:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight has-highlighted-lines\" data-language=\"jsx\"><pre class=\"gatsby-code-jsx\"><code class=\"gatsby-code-jsx\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">LoggingButton</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">extends</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">React<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Component</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n<span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">  <span class=\"token comment\">// This syntax ensures `this` is bound within handleClick.</span></span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">  <span class=\"token comment\">// Warning: this is *experimental* syntax.</span></span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">  <span class=\"token function-variable function\">handleClick</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=></span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span></span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">    console<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token function\">log</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'this is:'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span></span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span>\n  <span class=\"token function\">render</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>\n      <span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class=\"token attr-name\">onClick</span><span class=\"token script language-javascript\"><span class=\"token script-punctuation punctuation\">=</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>handleClick<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span><span class=\"token plain-text\"></span>\n<span class=\"token plain-text\">        Click me</span>\n<span class=\"token plain-text\">      </span><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>This syntax is enabled by default in <a href=\"https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Create React App</a>.</p>\n<p>If you aren’t using class fields syntax, you can use an <a href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Arrow_functions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">arrow function</a> in the callback:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight has-highlighted-lines\" data-language=\"jsx\"><pre class=\"gatsby-code-jsx\"><code class=\"gatsby-code-jsx\"><span class=\"token keyword\">class</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">LoggingButton</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">extends</span> <span class=\"token class-name\">React<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span>Component</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n  <span class=\"token function\">handleClick</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n    console<span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token function\">log</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token string\">'this is:'</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> <span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n\n  <span class=\"token function\">render</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span>\n<span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">    <span class=\"token comment\">// This syntax ensures `this` is bound within handleClick</span></span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">    <span class=\"token keyword\">return</span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span></span><span class=\"gatsby-highlight-code-line\">      <span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class=\"token attr-name\">onClick</span><span class=\"token script language-javascript\"><span class=\"token script-punctuation punctuation\">=</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=></span> <span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token function\">handleClick</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span><span class=\"token plain-text\"></span></span><span class=\"token plain-text\">        Click me</span>\n<span class=\"token plain-text\">      </span><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;</span>\n  <span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></code></pre></div>\n<p>The problem with this syntax is that a different callback is created each time the <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">LoggingButton</code> renders. In most cases, this is fine. However, if this callback is passed as a prop to lower components, those components might do an extra re-rendering. We generally recommend binding in the constructor or using the class fields syntax, to avoid this sort of performance problem.</p>\n<h2 id=\"passing-arguments-to-event-handlers\"><a href=\"#passing-arguments-to-event-handlers\" aria-hidden class=\"anchor\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" width=\"16\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z\"></path></svg></a>Passing Arguments to Event Handlers </h2>\n<p>Inside a loop, it is common to want to pass an extra parameter to an event handler. For example, if <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">id</code> is the row ID, either of the following would work:</p>\n<div class=\"gatsby-highlight\" data-language=\"jsx\"><pre class=\"gatsby-code-jsx\"><code class=\"gatsby-code-jsx\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class=\"token attr-name\">onClick</span><span class=\"token script language-javascript\"><span class=\"token script-punctuation punctuation\">=</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token parameter\">e</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span> <span class=\"token operator\">=></span> <span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token function\">deleteRow</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span>id<span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> e<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span><span class=\"token plain-text\">Delete Row</span><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span>\n<span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class=\"token attr-name\">onClick</span><span class=\"token script language-javascript\"><span class=\"token script-punctuation punctuation\">=</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{</span><span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token function\">deleteRow</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.</span><span class=\"token function\">bind</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(</span><span class=\"token keyword\">this</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,</span> id<span class=\"token punctuation\">)</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}</span></span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span><span class=\"token plain-text\">Delete Row</span><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token tag\"><span class=\"token punctuation\">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class=\"token punctuation\">></span></span></code></pre></div>\n<p>The above two lines are equivalent, and use <a href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Arrow_functions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">arrow functions</a> and <a href=\"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_objects/Function/bind\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">Function.prototype.bind</code></a> respectively.</p>\n<p>In both cases, the <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">e</code> argument representing the React event will be passed as a second argument after the ID. With an arrow function, we have to pass it explicitly, but with <code class=\"gatsby-code-text\">bind</code> any further arguments are automatically forwarded.</p>","frontmatter":{"title":"Handling Events","next":"conditional-rendering.html","prev":"state-and-lifecycle.html"},"fields":{"path":"content/docs/handling-events.md","slug":"docs/handling-events.html"}}},"pageContext":{"slug":"docs/handling-events.html"}},"staticQueryHashes":[]}